Tower crane safety operation procedures

I. Pre-operation inspection

I.1 It is necessary to go through the formalities of handover, check the filling of the mechanical resume and the shift record, and the items listed.

I.2 Loosen the rail clamp before operation and fix the rail clamp according to the specified method. Clear the obstacles of the walking track, check the travel limit stop at both ends of the cross rail is not less than 2~3m, and check the straightness, slope and height difference of the track, which should meet the safety of the Tower Crane. According to the technical regulations, the roadbed must not have any subsidence, slopes or cracks.

1. After the 3 rails are installed, the following rules must be met:

(1) The height difference between the two tracks is not more than 1/1000.

(2) The slopes of the longitudinal and lateral directions are not more than 1/1000.

(3) The error between the gauge and the nominal value is not more than 1/1000, and the absolute value is not more than 6mm.

(4) The gap of the rail joint is between 2~4mm, the height difference between the two rails at the joint is not more than 2mm, and the two rail joints must be staggered by 1.5m.

1. 4 Check the fastening of the main bolts, no cracks or open welding of the weld and the main angle steel.

1. 5 Check the oil level of the mechanical transmission gear box, hydraulic tank, etc. to meet the standard.

1. 6 Check that the brake wheels and brake shoes (hoof) of each part are not damaged and the brakes are sensitive; hooks, pulleys, snap rings and wire ropes should meet the standard; safety devices (torque limiters, weight limiters, walking, height change) Amplitude limit and hook insurance, etc.) are sensitive and reliable.

1. 7 The operating system and electrical system are in good contact with no looseness and no wires exposed.

1. 8 For Tower Cranes with elevators, it is necessary to verify that all safety devices are safe and reliable.

1. 9 Before the power distribution box is powered, the linkage controller should be at zero position. After closing, check that there is no leakage in the metal structure before going to the machine.

1. 10 All electrical systems must have good grounding or zero-connection protection. A grounding of 20m shall not be connected to the building, and the grounding resistance shall not exceed 4Ω (Europe).

1. 11 All parts of the crane shall have no obstacles within 1m of the operation.

1. Before the operation of the 12 tower cranes, no-load operation or commissioning should be carried out, and the production can be put into production without confirmation.

2. Safe operation

2. 1 The driver must work according to the lifting performance of the tower crane being driven. Lifting hoists must be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Article 30.1.7 of this regulation.

2. If any safety protection device on the machine fails, fails or is inaccurate during operation, it must be immediately shut down for repair, and it is strictly forbidden to carry out sick operation and maintenance during operation.

2. 3 The driver must operate in strict accordance with the command signal, semaphore, and gesture under the command of the person with the command signal armband. An audible signal shall be issued before operation, and shall not be operated blindly when the command signal is unclear. The right to refuse to perform or take precautionary measures or corresponding emergency measures.

2. When the Safety Device such as weight, lifting height and amplitude change shows or approaches the critical alarm value, the driver must watch closely and forcibly operate.

2. 5 The driver must not chat, smoke, read books, report and do other things that are not related to the operation. Do not leave the job without authorization.

2. 6 When the hook block is raised to near the boom, apply a low speed lift.

2. 7 Do not allow heavy objects to fall freely. When the lifting weight falls close to the position, it must be taken at a slow speed. When the weight is in place, the brake can be used to slowly lower it.

2. 8 When using the non-straight type height limiter, the height limiter is adjusted so that the distance between the hook pulley block and the corresponding minimum part is not less than 1 m, and the direct collision type is not less than 1.5 m.

2. 9 It is strictly forbidden to directly hang heavy objects with hooks.

2. 10 When manipulating the controller, it must start from the zero point, push to the first gear, and then increase the gear step by step, each stop for 1~2s, until the highest gear. When the transmission device needs to change direction during the movement, the controller should be pulled to the zero position first, and then reversed after the transmission is stopped. It is strictly prohibited to directly change the running direction. Tower cranes with operating time limits for slow in-position gears must be used at specified times and must not be used without restrictions.

2. When the lifting weight is translated during operation, the weight should be at least 100 mm above the height of the obstacle it is crossing.

1. When the crane is approaching the track limit, it should be decelerated to stop beforehand.

1. When lifting heavy objects, it is forbidden to lift heavy objects that are unstable in suspension. It is strictly forbidden to attach heavy objects to the lifting objects. When lifting loose materials or special-shaped members, they must be firmly tied with steel wire ropes. The heavy objects should be lifted off the ground by about 50cm. Stop and confirm the brakes, material binding and slings, and confirm the correctness before commanding the lift.

1. 14 Cranes must have sufficient lighting when working at night.

1. 15 When the crane stops, rests or loses power in the middle, the heavy objects should be removed, and the heavy objects should not be suspended in the air.

1. 16 In the operating room, unrelated personnel are not allowed to enter, and it is forbidden to place flammable materials and items that hinder operation.

1. 17 Cranes are strictly prohibited from taking or upgrading personnel. When lifting heavy objects, it is strictly forbidden to stand under the weight.

1. The safety distance between the boom and lifting objects of the crane must be with the high and low voltage overhead transmission lines, and the requirements of Table 30.1.6 of this regulation shall be complied with.

1. When two two-way cranes are working on one track or two parallel or mutually perpendicular tracks, the safety distance between any two machines should be kept at least 5m.

1. 20 hoisting operations should be suspended in the following cases:

(1) In case of severe weather such as heavy rain, heavy snow, heavy fog and strong winds of six grades (including six grades) on the construction work surface, it will be safely constructed.

(2) The crane has a leakage phenomenon.

(3) The Wire Rope is seriously worn and reaches the scrapping standard (see the wire rope scrapping standard).

(4) The safety device is invalid or the display is inaccurate.

2. 21 Drivers must go up and down through the escalator, and it is strictly forbidden to carry tools and tools when going up and down the escalator.

2. 22 It is strictly forbidden to throw anything or a note down from the tower crane.

2. When heating in the tower operating room in winter, measures to prevent electric shock and fire should be taken.

2. 24 Tower cranes with elevators must comply with the regulations in the elevator's instruction manual. Overloading and violation of operating procedures are strictly prohibited.

2. When working in more than 25 machines, two or more tower cranes should be avoided to overlap in the radius of gyration. In special cases, when overlapping work is required, the vertical safety distance of the boom and the safety distance between the lifting materials must be ensured, and reliable safety technical measures must be approved by the competent technical leader before construction.

2. 26 Boom cranes can be carried out at the same time after the heavy objects are lifted off the ground, lifting, turning and walking. However, the variable amplitude can only be carried out separately. It is strictly forbidden to carry the variable amplitude. Cranes that allow for variable amplitude can not be changed at full load or near full load.

2. 27 hoisting cranes that are not installed in the rotating part, and shall not continuously rotate in one direction during lifting operations.

2. 28 Cranes equipped with mechanical torque limiters must adjust the tonnage indicating plate of the overload limit device according to the radius of gyration and the rated load of the radius after multiple times of variable amplitude.

2. 29 The curved roadbed must comply with the regulations. When the crane turns, the sand should be sprinkled on the outer rail surface, and the inner rail surface and the two wings should be coated with grease. The weight box should be turned to the direction of the curved outer wheel. It is strictly forbidden to carry out lifting work or turning heavy objects on curved roads.

III. Check after shutdown

3. After the tower crane stops operating, it is necessary to select the appropriate position in the middle of the tower and the arm in the middle of the track and the arm to stop in the wind direction, and lock all the rail clamps.

3. 2 Any tower crane with a normally closed or brake device in the Slewing Mechanism, after stopping the operation, the driver must remove the handle and release the brake so that the crane can rotate in the wind direction under the strong wind.

3. 3 Lift the hook up to a distance of no more than 5m from the lifting wall. It is strictly forbidden to hang heavy objects on the hook. When no reliable measures are taken, no method shall be used to restrict the boom from rotating with the wind.